Name: 

José Alcamí

Date and place of birth:

1957, Valencia. Spain

Present position:

• 2000- present. Head of the AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit. National Centre of Microbiology. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain.
• 2003- present. Coordinator of the Spanish AIDS Research Network. Responsible in this network of the Immunopathology platform.
• 2010- 2013. Chief of the Department of Molecular Pathology.
• 2013-present. Coordinator of the Laboratory of Research and Diagnosis in Retrovirus

Tertiary Education

• Medical studies in Autonoma University, Madrid  1974-1980
• Medical degree, Madrid 1980
• Studies in Phylosophy, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
• Specialist in Internal Medecine, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid1982-1986.
• Fellowship in Immunology. Department of Immunology. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid, 1986-1988
• Fellowship in Immunopathology. Pasteur Institute. Paris 1991
• PhD in molecular virolology. Thesis entitled “Analysis of HIV transcription in CD4 T lymphocytes. Role of NF-kB”. Department of Microbiology . Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 1994

Positions and employment  

• 1988-1992. Post-doctoral fellow. Viral Immunology Unit. Pasteur Institute, Paris.
• 1992-2000. Staff of the Microbiology Department. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid, Spain.
• 1996-2000. Head of the Retrovirology laboratory. Microbiology Department 1996-2000
• 1992-2000. Director of the Viral Immunology Unit. Research Center. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid, Spain.

Consultancies and Directorships

• 1985-present. Consultant of the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS, spanish MRC)
• 1990-present. Consultant of the Spanish Agency of Evluation and Prospective 
• 2001-2004. vice-president of the comisión of Infectious diseases. FIS
• 2000-present. Consultant of the Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention of Spain
• 2000-present. Consultant of the European Community (FP6 and FP7)
• 2000-present. Expert of  the Spanish Medicine Agency
• 2000-2002. Member of the Biotechnology Working Party. European Medicines Agency
• 2004-present. Expert of the European Medicines Agency (EMEA)
• 2004. Member of the working Group on Gene Therapy. European Medicines Agency
• 2006-present. Consultant of the INSERM (Institut Nationale pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, France).
• 2009-2014. Member of the Comission of Virus-host relationship of the ANRS
• 2010-present. Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the ANRS
• Reviewer of scientific articles for the following journals: J. Gen Virology, J. Virol Methods,  J.Virol, Antiviral Research, J Infectious Dis, AIDS, AIDS Reviews, HIV medicine, Scientific Reports, Oncotargets, Plos, Nature Reviews.
• Editor Journal of Virology 2015-present

Teaching activity

• Professor of Virology and immunology at the European University of Madrid 2009-2012
• Invited Professor for master degrees at the following universities and research centers: Autonoma University and Juan Carlos I, Madrid, Salamanca University, Hospital Clinic (Barcelona) Hospital La Paz, Carlos III, 12 de Octubre and Ramón y Cajal (Madrid), Hospital Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla), Hospital Central (Asturias), Hospital Son Dureta (Balears).
• Director of the Master of Infectious Diseases. Instituto Carlos III- University of Alcalá 2014-current
• Ten PhD students have done and presented their Thesis in Alcami´s lab.

Areas of research interest:     

• HIV-1 pathogenesis. Latency and reactivation, viral entry, virulence factors
• Regulation of CXCR4 expression  and CXCL12 chemokine and their role in HIV-1 infection
• Evolution of the envelope protein of HIV and interaction with CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors
• Development of new systems for the screening of antiretroviral compounds and drug resistance testing
• Drug discovery and research in vaccines
• Restriction factors
• Gene regulation in HIV patients with extreme phenotypes

Recent Research support.

• Mechanisms of proviral latency in HIV-infected lymphocytes” Ministry of Research. 2000-2002
• Molecular basis of the resistance to HIV progression in patients harbouring the polymorphisms G801A 3´UTR in SDF-1a and V64I in CCR2” . FIPSE Foundation 2001-2003
• Generation of human neutralising antibodies from patients with successful structured treatment interruptions. Fundación FIPSE. 2002-2004.
• Spanish AIDS Research Network” Ministry of Health., Instituto de Salud Carlos III. 2003-2012
• Development of a technological platform for screening and characterization of natural products with antiviral activity” Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ministry of Research 2004-2006
• Analysis of the induction of SDF-1 expression by viral transactivators from lymphotropic viruses. Potential role in virus-associated oncogenesis” Ministry of Research. 2004-2008
• Analysis of the mechanisms of generation of the K65R and Q151M resistance mutation in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and their impact on viral fitness” Ministry of Health. 2005-2007
• Analysis of the cellular modification induced by the Tat protein and study of potential inhibitors of the TAT protein” Ministry of Health. FIPSE Foundation 2005-2009
• Design of new immunogens targetting dendritic cells for therapeutic immunisation of HIV-infected patients”. Ministry of Science Ministry of Health 2004-2008
• Europrise: European vaccines and microbicides enterprise” European Commisssion.  2006-2010
• Evolution gentypique et phenotypique du tropisme et recherche des mécanismes d'adaptation virale chez les sujets traités par un antagoniste de CCR5”  ANRS France 2008-2010.
• Analysis of cellular modifications induced by human retrovirus infections: HIV-1 and HTLV-I. Role in pathogenesis of AIDS and T-cell lymphomas”. Ministry of Science 2009-2012
• Combined Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Microbicides. Prosposal Acronym: CHAARM”. European Commisssion. 2010-2014
• Development of a new class of microbicides. AIM-HIV project, granted by the EC FP7
• European AIDS Vaccine Inititative (EAVI2020), granted by the European Commission, H2020
• Spanish AIDS Research Network. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. 2003-present

Contracts of Research with the following companies.

Abbott, Glaxo Smith Kline, Bristol Myers Squibb, - Roche Pharma, Chiron Corp, Virco-Tibotec
DuPont Pharma, Pfizer,  VIIV,  Zeltia-PharmaMar, SEPROX

Ongoing Scientific collaborations.

• Dr Fernando Arenzana, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
• Dr Quentin Sattentau. Oxford University, UK
• Dr Delphine Muriaux. Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, France
• Dr Robin Shattock. St St George's Hospital, London, UK
• Dr John Mascola. NIH, AIDS Vaccine Centre. Bethesda, USA
• Dr José Gatell. Hiospital Clinic. Barcelona, Spain
• Dr Manuel Leal. Hospital Virgen del Rocío. Barcelona, Spain
• Dr Santiago Moreno. Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
• Dr Monsef Benkirane. Institut Génétique Humaine. CNRS. Montpellier. France
• Dr Roger LegGrand. CEA. France
• Dr Guido Poli, Dr Elisa Vicenzi. University San Raffalle. Milan. Italy

 Selected Publications and patents

I have published more than 140 original articles since 1988 in international peer reviewed journals (70% in journals of 1st quartil of its speciality).  Of these more than 100 during last 10 years (2005-2016). The overall impact factor is above 800 points and the total number of citations is above 4000 in all fields, with an average of near 33 cites per paper and an H-index of 39 (39 papers cited more than 39 times). Overall include journals like Nature, Nature Rev Microbiol, PNAS, EMBO J, EMBO Reports, JBC, Oncogene, Mol Cell Biol, J Mol Biol, J Immunol, Eur J Immunol, J virol, J Gen Virol, J Med Virol, JID, Clin Inf Dis, J Antimic Chem, AIDS, JAIDS, Arthr&Rheum, Kidney Int, Cell Reports. Besides I have published more than 120 books chapters in the field of HIV pathogenesis.

The following list corresponds to selected publications in the field of HIV immune pathogenesis, HIV drug discovery and vaccines including some reviews with high impact.

1. Gil J, Alcami J and Esteban M. Characterization of the Mechanism of NF-kB activation triggered by PKR: role  of the IkB kinase complex. Oncogene 2000; 19:1369-137.

2. Mañes S, del Real G, Lacalle AR, Lucas P, Sanchez-Palomino S, Gomez-Moutón C Mira E, Alcami J and Martínez-Alonso C. Membrane raft microdomains mediate lateral assembles required for HIV-1 infection. EMBO Reports 2000; 1:190-196.

3. Gil J, Rullas J, Alcami J and Esteban M. The chatalytic activity of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR is required for NF-Kb activation. Oncogene 2001;20:385-94. 

4. Rullas J, Bermejo M, Garcia-Perez J, Beltrán M, Brown S  and Alcamí J. Prostratin induces HIV reactivation and downregulates HIV receptors in PBMCs. Antiviral Therapy 2004; 9:545-554

5.Gil J, García MA, Gómez-Puertas P, Guerra S, Rullas J, Alcami J, Moscat J, and Esteban M. TRAF Family Proteins Link PKR with NF-kB Activation. Mol.Cell.Biol. 2004; 24:4502-12

6. García F, Plana M, Arnedo M, Brunet M et al. Effect of  Mycophenolate Mofetil on Immune Response and on Plasma and Lymphatic Tissue Viral Load During and After Interruption of Haart in Chronic HIV-Infected Patients . A Randomized Pilot Study.  J. AIDS  2004; 36:823-830

7. Sancho R, Márquez N, Gomez M,Calzado MA, Bettoni G, Alcamí J, Lopez-Cabrera M, Appendino G,  and Muñoz E. Imperatorin Inhibits HIV-1 Replication Through A Sp1-Dependent Pathway. J.Biol.Chem.2004;279:37349-37359

8.García F, Lejeune M, Climent N, Gil C, González N , Alcamí J, Morente V, Alós L, Fumero E, Castro P, Cruceta A, Piera C, Florence E, Pereira A, Libois A, Caballero M, Lomeña F, Miró JM, Pumarola T, Plana M, Gatell JM and Gallart MT. Therapeutic  Immunization With  Dendritic Cells Loaded With Inactivated Autologous HIV-1 In Chronically infected Patients.J. Infect. Dis. 2005; 191: 1680-5

9. Coiras M, Camafeita E, Urena T, Lopez JA, Caballero F, Fernandez B, Lopez-Huertas MR, Perez-Olmeda M, Alcami J. Modifications in the human T cell proteome induced by intracellular HIV-1 Tat protein expression.  Proteomics 2006; 6: S63-S73

10. J. Garcia-Perez, S Sanchez-Palomino, M Perez-Olmeda, , B. Fernandez, and J Alcami..A New Strategy Based on Recombinant Viruses as a Tool for Assessing Drug Susceptibility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. J Medical Virol 2007; 79:127-137

11. Coiras M, Lopez-Huertas MR, Rullas J,Mittelbrunn M and Alcami J. Basal shuttle of NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha in resting T lymphocytes regulates HIV-1 LTR dependent expression. Retrovirology 2007, 4:56 doi:10.1186/1742-4690-4-56

12. Garcia-Perez J, Perez-Olmeda M , Sanchez-Palomino S, Perez-Romero P and Alcami  J. A New Strategy Based on Recombinant Viruses for Assessing the Replication Capacity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. HIV Med. 2008; 9:160-71

13. Coiras M, Camafeita E, Lopez-Huertas MR, Calvo E, López JA, and Alcamí J. Application of proteomics technology for analyzing the interactions between host cells and intracellular infectious agents. Proteomics 2008; 8: 852-873

14. Coiras M, Lopez-Huertas MR, Mateos E, Alcami J. Caspase-3-mediated cleavage of p65/RelA results in a carboxy-terminal fragment that inhibits IkappaBalpha and enhances HIV-1 replication in human T lymphocytes. Retrovirology. 2008;5:109  

15. Bedoya LM, Márquez N, Martínez N, Gutiérrez-Eisman S, Alvarez A, Calzado MA, Rojas JM, Appendino G, Muñoz E, Alcamí J.SJ23B, a jatrophane diterpene activates classical PKCs and displays strong activity against HIV in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009;77:965-78

16. Coiras M, López-Huertas MR, Pérez-Olmeda M, Alcamí J. Understanding HIV-1 latency provides clues for the eradication of long-term reservoirs.Nat Rev Microbiol.2009; 7:798-812.

17. Calonge E, Alonso-Lobo JM, Escandón C, González N, Bermejo N, Santiago B, Mestre L, Pablos JL, Caruz A, Alcamí J. c/EBPbeta is a mayor regulatory element driving transcriptional activation of the CXCL12 promoter. J Mol Biol. 2010;396(3):463-72.

18. López-Huertas MR, Callejas S, Abia D, Mateos E, Dopazo A, Alcamí J, Coiras M. Modifications in host cell cytoskeleton structure and function mediated by intracellular HIV-1 Tat protein are greatly dependent on the second coding exon. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010; 38 (10): 3287-3307.

19. González N, Bermejo M, Calonge E, Jolly C, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Pablos JL, Sattentau QJ, Alcamí J. SDF-1/CXCL12 Production by Mature Dendritic Cells Inhibits the Propagation of X4-Tropic HIV-1 Viruses at the Dendritic Cell-T Cell Infectious Synapse. J Virol. 2010;84:4341-51.

20. González N, Pérez-Olmeda M, Mateos E, Cascajero A, Alvarez A, Spijkers S, García-Pérez J, Sánchez-Palomino S, Ruiz-Mateos E, Leal M, Alcami J. A sensitive phenotypic assay for the determination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tropism. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:2493-501.

21. González N, Alvarez A, Alcamí J. Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies and their Significance for HIV-1 Vaccines. Curr HIV Res. 2010;8:602-12.

22. Garcia-Perez J, Rueda P, Staropoli I, Kellenberger E, Alcami J, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Lagane B. New insights into the mechanisms whereby low molecular weight CCR5 ligands inhibit HIV-1 infection. J Biol Chem. 2010 Nov 30.

23. Garcia-Perez J, Rueda P, Staropoli I, Kellenberger E, Alcami J, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Lagane B.
New insights into the mechanisms whereby low molecular weight CCR5 ligands inhibit HIV-1 infection. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:4978-90

24. Medina-Ramírez M, Sánchez-Merino V, Sánchez-Palomino S, Merino-Mansilla A, Ferreira CB, Pérez I, González N, Alvarez A, Alcocer-González JM, García F, Gatell JM, Alcamí J, Yuste E. Broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1 patients with undetectable viremia. J Virol. 2011;85:5804-13.

25. López-Huertas MR, Mateos E, Díaz-Gil G, Gómez-Esquer F, Sánchez del Cojo M, Alcamí J, Coiras M.
Protein kinase Ctheta is a specific target for inhibition of the HIV type 1 replication in CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:27363-77.

26. Garcia-Perez J, Rueda P, Alcami J, Rognan D, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Lagane B, Kellenberger E.
Allosteric model of maraviroc binding to CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). J Biol Chem. 2011;286:33409-21.

27. Sánchez-Del Cojo M, López-Huertas MR, Mateos E, Alcamí J, Coiras M. Mechanisms of RNA interference in the HIV-1-host cell interplay. AIDS Rev. 2011;13:149-60.

28. Osorio AA, Muñóz A, Torres-Romero D, Bedoya LM, Perestelo NR, Jiménez IA, Alcamí J, Bazzocchi IL. Olean-18-ene triterpenoids from Celastraceae species inhibit HIV replication targeting NF-kB and Sp1 dependent transcription. Eur J Med Chem. 2012;52:295-303.

29. Heyndrickx L, Heath A, Sheik-Khalil E, Alcami J, Bongertz V, Jansson M, Malnati M, Montefiori D, Moog C, Morris L, Osmanov S, Polonis V, Ramaswamy M, Sattentau Q, Tolazzi M, Schuitemaker H, Willems B, Wrin T, Fenyö EM, Scarlatti G.  International network for comparison of HIV neutralization assays: the NeutNet report II. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36438.

30. Messiaen P, De Spiegelaere W, Alcami J, Vervisch K, Van Acker P, Verhasselt B, Meuwissen P, Calonge E, Gonzalez N, Gutierrez-Rodero F, Rodriguez-Martín C, Sermijn E, Poppe B, Vogelaers D, Verhofstede C, Vandekerckhove L.Characterization of LEDGF/p75 genetic variants and association with HIV-1 disease progression. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50204.

31. López-Huertas MR, Mateos E, Sánchez Del Cojo M, Gómez-Esquer F, Díaz-Gil G, Rodríguez-Mora S, López JA, Calvo E, López-Campos G, Alcamí J, Coiras M. The presence of HIV-1 Tat protein second exon delays fas protein-mediated apoptosis in CD4+ T lymphocytes: a potential mechanism for persistent viral production. J Biol Chem. 2013;288:7626-44

32. Guardo AC, Alvarez-Fernández C, Arberas H, García-Pérez J, García F, Bargalló ME, Maleno MJ, Gatell JM, Mothe B, Alcami J, Sánchez-Palomino S, Plana M.
Use of RT-defective HIV virions: new tool to evaluate specific response in chronic asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals. PLoS One. 2013;8:e58927.

33. Sanjuán R, Nebot MR, Peris JB, Alcamí J. Immune activation promotes evolutionary conservation of T-cell epitopes in HIV-1. PLoS Biol. 2013;11:e1001523.

34.. Colin P, Bénureau Y, Staropoli I, Wang Y, Gonzalez N, Alcami J, Hartley O, Brelot A, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Lagane B. HIV-1 exploits CCR5 conformational heterogeneity to escape inhibition by chemokines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:9475-80.

35. Coiras M, Montes M, Montanuy I, López-Huertas MR, Mateos E, Le Sommer C, Garcia-Blanco MA, Hernández-Munain C, Alcamí J, Suñé C.  Transcription elongation regulator 1 (TCERG1) regulates competent RNA polymerase II-mediated elongation of HIV-1 transcription and facilitates efficient viral replication. Retrovirology. 2013;10:124.

36. González-Bulnes L, Ibáñez I, Bedoya LM, Beltrán M, Catalán S, Alcamí J, Fustero S, Gallego J.
Structure-Based Design of an RNA-Binding p-Terphenylene Scaffold that Inhibits HIV-1 Rev Protein Function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2013;52:13405-9.

37. Garcia-Perez J, Staropoli I, Azoulay S, Heinrich JT, Cascajero A, Colin P, et al. A single-residue change in the HIV-1 V3 loop associated with maraviroc resistance impairs CCR5 binding affinity while increasing replicative capacity. Retrovirology. 2015 Jun 18;12:50.

38. Rodríguez-Mora S, Mateos E, Moran M, Martín MÁ, López JA, Calvo E, et al. Intracellular expression of Tat alters mitochondrial functions in T cells: a potential mechanism to understand mitochondrial damage during HIV-1 replication. Retrovirology. 2015 Sep 16;12(1):78.

 

39. Dominguez-Molina B, Leon A, Rodriguez C, Benito JM, Lopez-Galindez C, Garcia F, Del Romero J, Gutierrez F, Viciana P, Alcami J, Leal M, Ruiz-Mateos E; Spanish AIDS Research Network HIV Controllers Cohort (ECRIS). Analysis of Non-AIDS-Defining Events in HIV Controllers. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 May 15;62(10):1304-9

40. Leon A, Perez I, Ruiz-Mateos E, Benito JM, Leal M, Lopez-Galindez C, Rallon N, Alcami J, Lopez-Aldeguer J, Viciana P, Rodriguez C, Grau E, Iribarren J, Gatell JM, Garcia F; EC and Immune Pathogenesis Working group of the Spanish AIDS Research Network. Rate and predictors of progression in elite and viremic HIV-1 controllers. AIDS. 2016 May 15;30(8):1209-20

41. Sanchez-Merino V, Fabra-Garcia A, Gonzalez N, Nicolas D, Merino-Mansilla A, Manzardo C, et al. Detection of Broadly Neutralizing Activity within the First Months of HIV-1 Infection. J Virol. 2016 May 12;90(11):5231-45.

42. Bermejo M, López-Huertas MR, García-Pérez J, Climent N, Descours B, Ambrosioni J, et al. Dasatinib inhibits HIV-1 replication through the interference of SAMHD1 phosphorylation in CD4+ T cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2016 Apr 15;106:30-45.

43. Coiras M, Bermejo M, Descours B, Mateos E, García-Pérez J, López-Huertas MR, et al. IL-7 Induces SAMHD1 Phosphorylation in CD4+ T Lymphocytes, Improving Early Steps of HIV-1 Life Cycle. Cell Rep. 2016 Mar 8;14(9):2100-7.

44. López-Huertas MR, Li J, Zafar A, Rodríguez-Mora S, García-Domínguez C, Mateos E, et al. PKCθ and HIV-1 Transcriptional Regulator Tat Co-exist at the LTR Promoter in CD4(+) T Cells. Front Immunol. 2016 Feb 29;7:69

 

Other merits

Participation in scientific meetings

• I have received during past 10 years more than 40 invitations for delivering lectures or for chairing/organizing symposiums/round tables  from major HIV/AIDS meetings including International AIDS Conferences (IAC) and  the Conference on Retrovirus and Opportunistic Infections others (CROI).

Organization of international Conferences

• 1992. Conference at the Centenary of Louis Pasteur. French institute. Madrid
• 1996. International Conference on HIV Pathogenesis. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid
• 2000. 7th ECEAR Meeting. Madrid
• 2000.XIII International AIDS Conference. Durban
• 2001. 1st IAS Conference. Buenos Aires.
• 2002. Director of Basic Science Track. XIV International AIDS Conference. Barcelona
• 2004. XV International AIDS Conference. Bangkok.

Participation in editorial boards

• Reviewer of the following international journals: J Virol, AIDS, AIDS Rev, J Inf Dis, J Gen Virol, Antiviral Therapy and HIV Medicine.

Leadership

• Coordinator of the AIDS Research Network in Spain (RIS) which represents a leading collaborative structure in the HIV field in Spain
• Member of the European Networks of excellence (EUROPRISE and CHAARM) for vaccine and microbicides development. In these networks we have standardized the neutralizing antibodies platform licensed by the group.
• Coordinator of the AIM-HIV project supported by the FP7 aiming at the development of new microbicides

Major contributions to the early careers of excellent researchers

A great effort along my career has been teaching and formation of a new generation of young lead researchers in the field. Currently I am full professor of Immunology and Virology at the European University of Madrid and I teach in different masters and specialists training programs in Spain. During these years, 10 students got their PhD degree with honours and two of my PhD students –Juan Martín Serrano and Jesús Gil-were awarded as young investigatos in 2008 by EMBO.Dr Mayte Coiras, a junior researcher in my unit was awarded by the Ministry of Health as the best young scientist in Spain in 2011.

Leadership in industrial innovation

All along my career, I have developed a fruitful collaboration with industrial partners. As a consequence I have signed contracts of Research with different Pharmaceutical and Biotech companies, at national and international level: Abbott, Glaxo Smith Kline, Bristol Myers Squibb, - Roche Pharma, Chiron Corp, Virco-Tibotec DuPont Pharma, Pfizer, VIIV,  Zeltia-PharmaMar, SEPROX.
Also, as an important example of leadership in industrial innovation, it should be mentioned:

• The “Technological Platform on drug discovery and vaccine evaluation”. Using this licensed technology a drug discovery platform that has allowed screening and study of the mechanisms of action of new antivirals has been built up. The Recombinant viruses technology used has been extremely powerful as a methodology to titrate and study neutralizing antibodies. This expertise has been validated in international networks and has allowed the participation in the European NoE EUROPRISE and the Vaccine working group of the Spanish AIDS research network. My group has been the reference centre for the evaluation of antibodies induction in four different vaccine trials performed in Spain.
• The development of new vaccine protoypes. More recently I have participated in the design and development of new vectors for preventive and therapeutic vaccines (Patent  EP11382103 under evaluation).